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Why Does My Old Phone Charge Slowly But Heat Up More?

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The Truth About Aging Batteries Welcome back to Hobitronics — where we decode the daily mysteries inside your gadgets. Today we’re getting into something everyone with a 3-year-old smartphone has asked themselves: "Why is my phone charging so slow? And why does it feel like it’s cooking itself while doing it?" You’re not imagining it. Aging phones really do charge slower and heat up more — and the reason lies deep inside the battery chemistry , internal resistance , and the invisible wear and tear of thousands of charging cycles. 1. Your Battery Ages — Even If It Looks Fine Smartphones use Li-ion or Li-Po batteries . These are fantastic when new, but over time: Electrochemical reactions degrade the anode/cathode SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) layer thickens Lithium plating reduces active ions Capacity drops with every charge-discharge cycle This degradation results in something very important: higher internal resistance . 2. Internal Resistance: Th...
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Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): The Digital Backbone of Modern Communication

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Introduction: Why PCM Matters In the era of smartphones, digital streaming, and cloud-based communication, it's easy to forget that all digital information starts out analog. Whether it’s your voice, your favorite song, or a movie’s soundtrack, sound begins as a continuously varying signal. But to store, transmit, or process it digitally, we need to convert it into a digital form—and that's where Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) comes in. PCM is the foundation of digital audio , and it plays a crucial role in telecommunications, media storage, and even space communication. Let’s dive deep into how it works, why it’s important, and where it’s used. What is PCM? Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals. It involves sampling , quantizing , and encoding an analog input into a binary form suitable for transmission or storage. Think of PCM as translating a wave of sound into a digital language that machines can understand. The Three Core P...
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📱 Wireless Communication in Mobile Phones

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Imagine waking up without a mobile phone. No morning alarm, no messages, no Instagram scroll. And even if you had the device — without wireless communication , it would just be a shiny piece of metal and glass. Today’s smartphones are more than gadgets — they are wireless communication powerhouses , constantly sending and receiving information through invisible waves, connecting you to people, devices, and services 24/7. But have you ever paused and asked: how does this magic happen? Let’s peel back the screen and explore the engineering marvel called wireless communication in mobile phones . 📡 What Is Wireless Communication in Mobiles? Wireless communication refers to the transfer of information between two or more points without the use of physical cables . In mobile phones, this includes: Voice calls Text messages (SMS) Mobile internet (3G, 4G, 5G) Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC GPS Your phone is basically a multi-protocol wireless transceiver — a fancy term for a dev...
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Why Does Tea Taste Weird on an Induction Stove?

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Science Behind the Taste Change Welcome to the Hobitronics blog — a space where everyday curiosities about electronics and appliances get the deep respect they deserve. You're not just asking "Why does tea taste off when I use an induction stove?" You're asking one of the most nuanced, beautifully human questions: "What really happens under the hood of our everyday devices?" And that is exactly what Hobitronics is here for — to make the complex beautiful, relatable, and fun. This is part of our series where we decode the science of consumer electronics that people use every day but rarely understand. So let’s talk about tea☕. Me? Personally? My day doesn't start without a hot cup of tea. No offense to the coffee gang, but my favorite will always be the simple, soul-healing cup of tea. But if you’ve ever made tea on an induction stove ... you might’ve noticed something strange: It overboils too quickly The tea turns slightly bitter The milk...
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Why Do Phone Chargers Get Hot While Charging?

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Welcome back to Hobitronics — where we decode the daily mysteries inside your gadgets. Today we’re talking about something everyone has noticed at some point: Why does your phone charger heat up when you're using it? — and why do the cheap ones feel like they might just melt? That warmth isn’t just you imagining things. It’s real, and it’s telling you something about what’s happening inside the plastic shell of that adapter. Especially with budget chargers, the heat is more than a minor annoyance — it’s a sign of energy loss , sloppy design , and sometimes, real danger. 1. What's Actually Inside a Charger? Your phone charger might look like a simple plug, but it’s actually a clever little Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) . It takes the high-voltage AC from your wall and transforms it into a low-voltage, phone-friendly DC output. Here’s the quick path: 230V AC in → DC conversion → stepped-down voltage → regulated output Key parts of a charger includes: Bridge Rect...
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Delta Modulation and Adaptive Delta Modulation: Simplifying Digital Voice Communication

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In the world of digital communication, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) paved the way for digitizing analog signals. However, PCM isn't always efficient in terms of bandwidth and data rate. To address these limitations, two intelligent techniques were developed: Delta Modulation (DM) and its improved version, Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) . In this blog, we’ll take a deep dive into how Delta Modulation works, its advantages and limitations, and how Adaptive Delta Modulation overcomes those challenges. So, let’s decode this modulation magic! 🔁 Recap: What Came Before — PCM Before we explore DM and ADM, it’s essential to remember what PCM  (ref:  Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): The Digital Backbone of Modern Communication ) does: Samples the analog signal at regular intervals (Nyquist Rate). Quantizes the samples into discrete values. Encodes these values into binary for transmission. While PCM is powerful, it requires a high bit rate and complex quantization , makin...
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Traffic light: Working and application

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How Do Traffic Lights Actually Work? How Can We Build One? Ever Wondered Why You Wait at a Red Light Even When the Road Is Empty? Traffic lights are more than just blinking bulbs — they’re part of a carefully engineered traffic control system that keeps people safe and roads organized. But how do these systems actually work ? And better yet — can you build your own traffic light system at home ? Yes! And you don’t need a city contract to do it — just an Arduino and a few LEDs. Let’s explore: How real-world traffic lights work The science behind sensor-based systems How to build your own Arduino-powered traffic light 1. Timer-Based Traffic Lights (Traditional) Pre-programmed cycles : Red, green, yellow for fixed durations. No sensors involved. Still widely used in small towns or low-traffic intersections . Problem: You wait even when no one's coming. 2. Sensor-Based Traffic Lights (Smart Systems) Modern cities use dynamic traffic control systems : In...
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ASK, FSK & PSK Explained

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In the world of modern communication—whether you're streaming videos, using Wi-Fi, or sending data over Bluetooth— digital modulation plays a critical role. It's the art of taking your binary data (0s and 1s) and efficiently converting it into analog waveforms so it can travel across airwaves or wires. Among the various digital modulation techniques, ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying), FSK (Frequency Shift Keying), and PSK (Phase Shift Keying) form the foundational trio. Understanding these will unlock your grasp of how digital signals are transmitted reliably and efficiently. Let’s explore each of these in detail: 🔷 1. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) ➤ What is ASK? Amplitude Shift Keying works by varying the amplitude of a carrier wave to represent binary data. Bit 1 is transmitted using a carrier wave of fixed amplitude. Bit 0 is transmitted by turning the carrier OFF (zero amplitude) or using a smaller amplitude. This is often called On-Off Keying (OOK) . ➤ Wavef...
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